江苏地区1260名精神科女护士主观幸福感的调查研究

目的 了解江苏地区精神专科医院临床女护士主观幸福感的现状及影响因素,为提高精神专科医院的管理水平提供参考依据。方法 采用中文版的“总体幸福感量表”和自制的“一般情况调查表”对江苏省不同地区的6所精神专科医院1260名女护士进行调查。 结果 被调查对象主观幸福感前18项总分为(67.89±14.09)分,处于中等幸福感49～72分之间,但显著低于全国女性常模(71.00±18.00)分,两者比较,t =-2.768,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)；经回归分析,其主要影响因素有对职业伤害的担心程度、家庭的支持程度、收入状况、医院支持系统的满意度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 江苏地区的精神科女护士主观幸福感总体处于中等水平但显著低于全国女性常模,提高其主观幸福感可以从减少精神科护士的职业伤害、关注家庭方面影响、建立合理的薪酬体系和高效的医院支持系统4个方面努力。     

Cardiac Denervation for Arrhythmia Treatment with Transesophageal Ultrasonic Strategy in Canine Models

Stellate ganglion (SG) modification has been investigated for arrhythmia treatment. In this study, transesophageal SG imaging and intervention were explored using a homemade 30F integrated focused ultrasonic catheter in healthy mongrel canines in vivo. Anatomic details of SGs were ultrasonically imaged and evaluated. SG had a heterogeneous echoic structure and characteristic profiles sketched by hyper-echoic outlines in an ultrasonogram. Left SGs in the experimental group were successfully ablated through the esophagus under ultrasonic guidance provided by the catheter itself. Two weeks after the ablation, the QT and QTc of the experimental group decreased compared with those of the sham group and at baseline (both p values < 0.001). Histologic examination revealed that left SGs were destroyed. No major complications were observed. This approach may be further explored as a method for ganglia remodeling evaluation and as a strategy of ganglia modification for arrhythmia and for other diseases.     

Regional gray matter abnormality in hepatic myelopathy patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a voxel-based morphometry study

Hepatic myelopathy is a complication seen in patients with chronic liver failure with physiologic or iatrogenic portosystemic shunting. The main symptom is progressive lower limb dyskinesia. The role of the brain motor control center in hepatic myelopathy is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the gray matter changes in patients with hepatic myelopathy secondary to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and to examine their clinical relevance. This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty-three liver failure patients with hepatic myelopathy(hepatic myelopathy group), 23 liver failure patients without hepatic myelopathy(non-hepatic myelopathy group) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and 23 demographically matched healthy volunteers were enrolled from March 2014 to November 2016 at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University(Fourth Military Medical University), China. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo brain imaging was acquired. Group differences in regional gray matter were assessed using voxel-based morphometry analysis. The relationship between aberrant gray matter and motor characteristics was investigated. Results demonstrated that compared with the non-hepatic myelopathy group, gray matter volume abnormalities were asymmetric, with decreased volume in the left insula(P = 0.003), left thalamus(P = 0.029), left superior frontal gyrus(P = 0.006), and right middle cingulate cortex(P = 0.021), and increased volume in the right caudate nucleus(P = 0.017), corrected with open-source software. The volume of the right caudate nucleus in the hepatic myelopathy group negatively correlated with the lower limb clinical rating of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment(r = –0.53, P = 0.01). Compared with healthy controls, patients with and without hepatic myelopathy exhibited overall increased gray matter volume in both thalami, and decreased gray matter volume in both putamen, as well as in the globus pallidus, cerebellum, and vermis. The gray matter abnormalities we found predominantly involved motor-related regions, and may be associated with motor dysfunction. An enlarged right caudate nucleus might help to predict weak lower limb motor performance in patients with preclinical hepatic myelopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University(Fourth Military Medical University), China(approval No. 20140227-6) on February 27, 2014.     

Chronic Stress Remodels Synapses in an Amygdala Circuit–Specific Manner

Background

Chronic stress exposure increases the risk of developing various neuropsychiatric illnesses. The behavioral sequelae of stress correlate with dendritic hypertrophy and glutamate-related synaptic remodeling at basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLA PNs). Yet, though BLA PNs are functionally heterogeneous with diverse corticolimbic targets, it remains unclear whether stress differentially impacts specific output circuits.

Loss of GRB2 associated binding protein 1 in arteriosclerosis obliterans promotes host autophagy

Background:Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a major cause of adult limb loss worldwide. Autophagy of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) contributes to the ASO progression. However, the molecular mechanism that controls VEC autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in regulating VEC autophagy.Methods:In vivo and in vitro studies were applied to determine the loss of adapt protein GAB1 in association with ASO progression. Histological GAB1 expression was measured in sclerotic vascular intima and normal vascular intima. Gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 were applied in VEC to determine the effect and potential downstream signaling of GAB1.Results:The autophagy repressor p62 was significantly downregulated in ASO intima as compared to that in healthy donor (0.80 vs. 0.20, t = 6.43, P < 0.05). The expression level of GAB1 mRNA (1.00 vs. 0.24, t = 7.41, P < 0.05) and protein (0.72 vs. 0.21, t = 5.97, P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in ASO group as compared with the control group. Loss of GAB1 led to a remarkable decrease in LC3II (1.19 vs. 0.68, t = 5.99, P < 0.05), whereas overexpression of GAB1 significantly led to a decrease in LC3II level (0.41 vs. 0.93, t = 7.12, P < 0.05). Phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 were significantly associated with gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 protein.Conclusion:Loss of GAB1 promotes VEC autophagy which is associated with ASO. GAB1 and its downstream signaling might be potential therapeutic targets for ASO treatment.     

贵州省"5+3"模式订单定向医学毕业生的离职意愿及影响因素研究

背景 我国基层全科医生的离职意愿较高，调查其离职意愿并分析影响因素，可以为减少基层卫生人才流失提供思路。目前，完成"5+3"模式（5年临床医学本科教育+3年住院医师规范化培训）培养的订单定向医学毕业生逐步履约进入基层工作，而针对该部分全科医生离职意向的研究相对较少。 目的 调查贵州省"5+3"模式订单定向医学毕业生回归基层工作后的离职意愿及影响因素，为完善吸引卫生人才留任、建设基层全科医生队伍相关政策提供依据。 方法 以贵州省截至2020年底已完成"5+3"模式培养并履约到基层医疗卫生机构工作的2015—2017级订单定向医学毕业生为研究对象。于2021-01-20至2021-02-10对其开展电子问卷调查，内容包括毕业生的一般情况、职业满意度、离职意愿、服务期满后职业方向。共回收问卷347份，其中有效问卷311份，问卷有效回收率为89.6%。采用单因素分析及多元逐步线性回归分析全科医生离职意愿的影响因素。 结果 贵州省"5+3"订单定向医学毕业生的整体离职意愿得分为（3.98±0.98）分，具有离职倾向者229例（73.6%）。不同性别、单位地理位置、每日工作量者的离职意愿得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元逐步线性回归分析显示，单位负责人对待下属的方式、在工作中获得的成就感、对当前收入满意程度、家人对工作的支持程度、当地激励政策执行程度是"5+3"订单定向医学毕业生离职意愿的影响因素（P<0.05）。服务期满后，计划留任原基层医疗卫生机构者12例（3.9%），计划去其他基层医疗卫生机构者21例（6.7%），计划离开基层去上级医院工作者196例（63.0%），计划攻读全日制硕士学位者60例（19.3%）。 结论 贵州省"5+3"模式订单定向医学毕业生的离职意愿较高，预计服务期满后基层全科人才流失较多，需从提高收入、重视全科医生心理需求、优化全科医生培养与使用、发展基层医疗卫生机构、加强全科宣传等方面着手改善。     

早期肠内营养支持对胃癌术后患者肠黏膜屏障功能保护的研究进展

胃癌患者在手术应激状况下，内脏血流减少，肠黏膜处于低灌注状态，易发生肠黏膜损伤。此外，手术刺激可导致肠黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂，加重肠黏膜损伤。近年来，肠内营养被作为保护肠黏膜屏障功能的有效手段。早期肠内营养在肠黏膜屏障功能保护中的作用机制已被证实，然而不同研究结果有一定差异。本研究综述了国内外有关胃癌术后患者行早期肠内营养支持的相关研究，整理、分析既往研究的结论和争议，为早期肠内营养支持的推广应用提供参考。     

全结构化电子护理记录单的开发与临床应用评价

目的开发全结构化电子护理记录单,评价其应用效果。方法设计全结构化电子护理记录单并在南院区投入使用,北院区仍采用自由文本输入的方式记录电子护理记录单。实施1年后从2个院区各抽取230份出院病历对比护理记录,通过查看录像资料对比护士的记录效率。结果南院区护理记录结构正确率、符合专科护理指南率、护理诊断/评价及护理措施记录量与合格率显著高于北院区(均P<0.01);2个院区相同科室(内分泌科、儿科除外)护理记录时间比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论全结构化电子护理记录单能提高护理书写质量和数据质量,但用于部分专科会增加记录时间,仍需要进一步优化。